What Is the Primary Function of the Calvin Cycle

The Calvin cycle is the final step of photosynthesis. Here is an explanation of the primary function of this important step: Converting Carbon Dioxide and Water Into Glucose In the most general sense, the primary function of the Calvin cycle is to make organic products that plants need using the products from the light reactions of photosynthesis (ATP and NADPH). These organic products include glucose, the sugar made using carbon dioxide and water, plus protein (using nitrogen fixed from the soil) and lipids (e.g., fats and oils). This is carbon fixation, or fixing inorganic carbon into organic molecules that the plant can use: 3  CO2   6  NADPH   5  H2O   9  ATP  Ã¢â€ â€™Ã‚  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate  (G3P) 2 H   6  NADP   9  ADP   8 Pi  Ã‚  Ã‚  (Pi   inorganic  phosphate) The key enzyme for the reaction is RuBisCO. Although most texts simply say the cycle makes glucose, the Calvin cycle actually produces 3-carbon molecules, which are eventually converted into the hexose (C6) sugar, glucose. The Calvin cycle is a set of light-independent chemical reactions, so you might also hear it referred to as the dark reactions. This doesnt mean the Calvin cycle occurs only in the dark; it just doesnt require energy from  light for the reactions to occur. Summary The primary function of the Calvin cycle is carbon fixation, which is making simple sugars from carbon dioxide and water.

Plato And Aristotle s Views On The Greek Philosophy

Ruiheng Jiang HU 201 Professor Stoehr 9/28/2015 Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, the three original thinkers and intelligent teachers of ancient Greece, together made the Greek philosophy reach its highest state and also opened up a new world of western philosophy and culture. Among three of them, Socrates was the very first one who appeared in history, and was the very first teacher and spreader of ancient Greek philosophy. His entire life was a legend that he had numbers of followers and students. However, unlike Plato and Aristotle, this great man did not leave any writings at all. Fortunately, Plato, as one of Socrates’ most faithful students, organized most of his dialogues and lectures after his death. Among these writings, Euthyphro and Apology had great influences on the temporary Athens city. In these two writings, Socrates did not only challenge the justice of the ancient Athens city, but also raised the question upon the definition of piety. 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Interpersonal Relationships Professional Communication Skills for Nurs

Questions: 1. Describe the key interpersonal skills you would have used in this interview to engage with Amelia? 2. The doctor stated that Amelia has symptoms of a psychosis. Using correct clinical terms, describe three important signs and symptoms from the scenario that you agree would support the doctors clinical opinion? 3. The doctor prescribed 5mg olanzapine nocte` for Amelia. Describe the education you will need to provide to her before she leaves the clinic? 4. Explain why you would need to ensure adequate support for Amelia before she leaves the clinic? Answers: 1. In order to carry out an objective interview, the nurse will have to apply effective interpersonal skills. The interview process can be successful if done using interpersonal communication skills. Interpersonal communication is a face-to-face communication process in which individuals use verbal and non-verbal communication skills to communicate to one another. Effective interpersonal communication can help in creating a cordial and healthy relationship between individuals (Bylund, Peterson Cameron, 2012). First and foremost, the nurse will have to apply listening skills. The practitioner will do his best to be a good and critical listener. From her presentation, Amelia appears to be a troubled patient. She has lots of psychological challenges that need to be addressed with lots of keenness. Therefore, when interviewing her, the provider will have to critically listen to her (Arnold Boggs, 2015). This will be done by giving her enough time to express herself and allow her to talk without unnecessarily interrupting her. When she talks, the nurse will listen to her so as to understand her statements. Critical listening is a good strategy that can enable the nurse to win the confidence of the client and establish a good rapport with her right from the beginning up to the very end of the interview. Besides, the practitioner will apply a combination of verbal and non-verbal communication skills. Since it will be a face-to-face interaction, the nurse will have to make a proper use of verbal communication skills. Here, the practitioner will strive to make a proper choice of language by choosing to deliberately use simple words that can be easily understood by the client (Cobley Schulz, 2013). Meaning, the nurse will not use any unnecessary jargons that can confuse the client or complicate the interview process. At the same time, the practitioner will have to speak loudly and use an appropriate rate of articulation to speak to the client. Audibility is important because it will allow the client to understand all the questions with less constraint. Meanwhile, the healthcare provider will make a proper and careful use of the non-verbal cues such as facial expression, body movement, and gestures (Craig, 2013). Finally, the interviewer will use assertion, negotiation, decision-making, questioning and persuasion skills to appeal to the client to cooperate and provoke her to respond to the questions. Amelia is like any other mentally-ill patient who has a wide range of physical and psychological needs to address. Therefore, when interviewing her, the interviewer will have to use the expertise to actively engage her and get the responses for the questions asked (Dawson, Bernstein, Wilkins 3. Psychosis is a mental disorder that can be managed and treated if appropriate interventions are provided. After her timely diagnosis, Amelia has been prescribed with 5mg olazapinenoctre. This medication was prescribed because it is the most appropriate in addressing the patients psychotic condition. Therefore, being in charge of the patient, the nurse will perfectly do the job of providing her with all the necessary support. Apart from assessing her, the practitioner will provide the patient with adequate training. The nurse has to teach the patient many lessons regarding medication. The first thing to teach about is the type of medication prescribed and the significant contributions it will make in the life of the patient. The nurse will sensitize the patient that the medication is good because it will enable her to manage and control her condition no matter how difficult it might be (Schlicht, et al., 2013). She needs to be acquainted with this information because it will enable her to appreciate the drug because it is prescribed for her own benefit. The knowledge on the role of drug will convince the patient to consider taking it as prescribed. Amelia is to be educated on the usage of drugs. Amelia should not be like other patients who do not comply with medications. The nurse will have to sensitize the patient to comply with the prescribed dosage so as to enable her to use the medication as required without any unnecessary over or under use (Morse, Salyerslins, 2012). She should be taught that her all drugs prescribed to the patients are supposed to be administered as directed by the physician. The patient needs to acknowledge that a physician is an expert who gives prescriptions because it is for the good of the patient. Therefore, the patient should also be actively involved in the management of her condition (Leontjevas, et al., 2013).The other thing to do is teach the client is about the side effects of the drugs. Amelia should be left to know that the drug should be used by following all the instructions because of the side effects that might affect her. The teaching given to the patient will empower her todevelop self-management skills.It can be valuable if the patient masters self-management skills because it can enable her to be actively involved in improving her condition (Braithwaite Schrods, 2014). The teachings will also enable her to improve her social skills and start relating so well with her family, colleagues, friends, and all the other people in her community. This kind of acceptance will facilitate her recovery process. 4. The diagnosis of Amelia with a psychosis shows that she has a combination of physical and mental challenges that need to be addressed. First and foremost, the patient should be commended for taking a bold step to come to the facility to seek for medical service. Her cooperation with the physician demonstrates that she is aware of her mental condition and interested in gaining stability. Therefore, after her diagnosis, she should take the necessary measures to give the patient all the support that she requires (Palagini, GemignaniGuazzelli, 2012). The first support to offer to Amelia is psychological assistance. Psychosis causes stress, anxiety and depression. These are challenges that require a well organized emotional support. Therefore, the practitioner will not only interview, but provide her with all the support that can be managed. The practitioner should counsel her and give her all the necessary psychological support. The provider shouldexplain to the patient that she has a mental disorder that requires a medical intervention. During the counseling, the nurse should try to let her understand and accept her condition. Acceptance should be the initial step that will guarantee her a quick recovery (Fairman, Rowe, Hassmiller Shalala, 2011). The nurse cannot fail to adequately support the patient because this is her first visit at the facility. The kind of support given to her will enable the patient to have faith in the services and accept to be served until she recovers. The other support that will be given to Amelia is an opportunity to be provided with holistic care by a team of professionals. As a professional, the nurseshould believe in interdisciplinary collaboration. Meaning, when attending to the clients, she ensure that she cooperate with all the other practitioners who can, in one way or the other, contribute towards the improvement of her health (Bogner, et al., 2016). So, after engaging on a one-on-one interview, the nurse will create a good relationship that will inspire her to have confidence in our services. Moreover, after counseling her, the nurse will refer her to the mental health professionals including a social worker, occupational therapist, psychiatrist, and psychologist to attend to her (Anderson, et al., 2016). These professionals will provide the patient with a high quality therapy services to enable her improve her condition. It is recommended to collaborate with these professionals because they are knowledgeable and know th e kind of therapy to offer the patient (Harrison, Hauck Hoffman, 2014). The patients psychotic condition is in the early stages and can be effectively managed if appropriate psychological approach is delivered. References Anderson, J. G., et al., (2016). Examination of the perceptions of registered nurses regarding the use of Healing Touch in the acute care setting. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 34(2), 167- 176. Barlow, D., (2012).The Oxford Handbook of Clinical Psychology.New York: Oxford University Press. Arnold, E.C. Boggs, K.U. (2015). Interpersonal relationships: Professional communication skills for nurses. Elsevier Health Sciences. Bogner, H.R., et al., (2016). Does a Depression Management Program Decrease Mortality in Older Adults with Specific Medical Conditions in Primary Care? An Exploratory Analysis. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 64(1), pp.126-131. Braithwaite, D.O. Schrodt, P. eds.,(2014). Engaging theories in interpersonal communication: Multiple perspectives. Sage Publications. Bylund, C.L., Peterson, E.B. Cameron, K.A. (2012). A practitioner's guide to interpersonal communication theory: An overview and exploration of selected theories. Patient education and counseling, 87(3), pp.261-267. Cobley, P. Schulz, P.J. eds. (2013). Theories and models of communication (Vol. 1).New York: Walter de Gruyter. Craig, R.T. (2013). Constructing theories in communication research. Theories and models of communication, 1, pp.39-57. Dawson, A.E., Bernstein, B.L., Wilkins, K. Bekki, J.M. (2015). Honing interpersonal communication skills for difficult situations. In 2015 122nd ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition. American Society for Engineering Education. Fairman, J. A., Rowe, J. W., Hassmiller, S., Shalala, D. E., (2011). Broadening the scope of nursing practice. New England Journal of Medicine, 364(3), 193-196. Harrison, C.A., Hauck, Y., Hoffman, R., (2014). Choosing and remaining in mental health nursing: Perceptions of Western Australian nurses. International journal of mental health nursing, 23(6), 561-569. Leontjevas, R., et al., (2013). A structural multidisciplinary approach to depression management in nursing-home residents: a multicentre, stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial. The Lancet, 381(9885), pp.2255-2264. Morse, G., Salyers, M. P., lins, A. L. (2012).Burnout in mental health services: a review of the problem and its remediation.Adm Policy Mental Health. 39(5):341-52. Otte, C., et al., (2015). Cognitive function in older adults with major depression: Effects of mineralocorticoid receptor stimulation. Journal of psychiatric research, 69, pp.120-125. Palagini, L., Gemignani, A. Guazzelli, M., (2012). Significance of REM sleep in Depression: Effects on Neurogenesis.J Sleep DisordTher, 1(3). Schlicht, K., et al. (2013), Safety and acceptability of practice-nurse-managed care of depression in patients with diabetes or heart disease in the Australian TrueBlue study. BMJ open, 3(4), e002195. Thompson, C., Fahs, B., Kell, C. (2016). A Nurse-Led Collaborative Linking Medical Center with Community Partners Transforms Patient Care and Reduces Readmissions. Heart Lung: The Journal of Acute and Critical Care, 45(4), 381.

Computer Mouse Essay Example For Students

Computer Mouse Essay The computer mouse is an input device that uses a graphical user interface. Computers that incorporate the graphical user interface into their system are able to use the computer mouse to maneuver around the computers different applications. The mouse is used in many different applications including engineering and computer games. When using the computer mouse with the graphical user interface you move the mouse along a flat level surface. The arrow on the computer monitor will move with the movements created by the mouse. Clicking the mouse button will allow for certain programs or operations to happen. Douglas C. Engelbart is the first person to develop the original computer mouse. He completed a great deal of different studies in regard to human interpretation with the computer. Englebart completed a study of augmentation, which he defines as using technology to assist the intellect. The computer mouse came out of Engelbarts study due to the acceptability and ease of its operation. Engelbart did not officially announce his invention until 1968. After the debut of the mouse the next real step in its advancement did not come until 1970 at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. Alan Day developed the first working computer that used the computer mouse. While at the research center Day and other researches developed the first computer that depended on the computer mouse to point. The next advancement for the computer mouse came out of the Apple computer. The Apple Lisa computer used a graphical user interface and it helped create the technology used for the computer mouse. The Macintosh computer used a computer mouse and it simplified the use of the computer because all you had to do was point and click. The windows based systems and Macintosh all used the computer mouse. The growing computer market and its need for easier and faster computers led to the industry to make a shift to using the mouse with every computer sold. As more computers moved to the graphical user interface the more the computer mouse was being used. There is not only the growing need for the computer mouse, but also the need for different types of computer mice. Since the introduction of carpitunnel to the computer user there has been a challenge to create more ergonomically fit mouse. One of these introductions is the Mouse Man computer mouse by Logtech. This computer mouse is developed for the left-handed user. It allows for the left-handed user to use the mouse more comfortably. The future of the computer mouse is also adding some different turns on the capabilities of the mouse. One of the new technologies that are being used more and more is the wireless mouse. This mouse allows you to move the mouse with o ut the drag of the cord. Also the three-D mouse is becoming available. This mouse will allow the user to rotate objects on the screen using the mouse. The user will be able to look at what they are creating on the screen from different views. Also with the Internet becoming more frequently used the computer mouse is an important tool for the user. There is a computer mouse developed to allow for the user the ability to feel what they are looking at on the screen through the mouse. The mouse called the FEELit mouse will be able to simulate the sensations of what they are looking at on the screen. They mouse will come with its own processor which will allow for it to produce the sensations required. The computer mouse has come a long way from what is used to be. Douglas Engelbart invention has allowed for a great deal of innovation in the computer industry. All of the computers created today are using the computer mouse as standard equipment. The computer mouse makes it easier for the user to interact with the computer. The newer technology being implemented in the computer mouse will allow for it to become even more important tool that it has been. In conclusion the computer mouse is a valuable tool which is going to see a lot more changes that will make it even easier to use.