What Is the Primary Function of the Calvin Cycle

The Calvin cycle is the final step of photosynthesis. Here is an explanation of the primary function of this important step: Converting Carbon Dioxide and Water Into Glucose In the most general sense, the primary function of the Calvin cycle is to make organic products that plants need using the products from the light reactions of photosynthesis (ATP and NADPH). These organic products include glucose, the sugar made using carbon dioxide and water, plus protein (using nitrogen fixed from the soil) and lipids (e.g., fats and oils). This is carbon fixation, or fixing inorganic carbon into organic molecules that the plant can use: 3  CO2   6  NADPH   5  H2O   9  ATP  Ã¢â€ â€™Ã‚  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate  (G3P) 2 H   6  NADP   9  ADP   8 Pi  Ã‚  Ã‚  (Pi   inorganic  phosphate) The key enzyme for the reaction is RuBisCO. Although most texts simply say the cycle makes glucose, the Calvin cycle actually produces 3-carbon molecules, which are eventually converted into the hexose (C6) sugar, glucose. The Calvin cycle is a set of light-independent chemical reactions, so you might also hear it referred to as the dark reactions. This doesnt mean the Calvin cycle occurs only in the dark; it just doesnt require energy from  light for the reactions to occur. Summary The primary function of the Calvin cycle is carbon fixation, which is making simple sugars from carbon dioxide and water.

Plato And Aristotle s Views On The Greek Philosophy

Ruiheng Jiang HU 201 Professor Stoehr 9/28/2015 Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, the three original thinkers and intelligent teachers of ancient Greece, together made the Greek philosophy reach its highest state and also opened up a new world of western philosophy and culture. Among three of them, Socrates was the very first one who appeared in history, and was the very first teacher and spreader of ancient Greek philosophy. His entire life was a legend that he had numbers of followers and students. However, unlike Plato and Aristotle, this great man did not leave any writings at all. Fortunately, Plato, as one of Socrates’ most faithful students, organized most of his dialogues and lectures after his death. Among these writings, Euthyphro and Apology had great influences on the temporary Athens city. In these two writings, Socrates did not only challenge the justice of the ancient Athens city, but also raised the question upon the definition of piety. 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Aristotle is known well for teaching the world renowned man, referred to today as Alexander

Interpersonal Relationships Professional Communication Skills for Nurs

Questions: 1. Describe the key interpersonal skills you would have used in this interview to engage with Amelia? 2. The doctor stated that Amelia has symptoms of a psychosis. Using correct clinical terms, describe three important signs and symptoms from the scenario that you agree would support the doctors clinical opinion? 3. The doctor prescribed 5mg olanzapine nocte` for Amelia. Describe the education you will need to provide to her before she leaves the clinic? 4. Explain why you would need to ensure adequate support for Amelia before she leaves the clinic? Answers: 1. In order to carry out an objective interview, the nurse will have to apply effective interpersonal skills. The interview process can be successful if done using interpersonal communication skills. Interpersonal communication is a face-to-face communication process in which individuals use verbal and non-verbal communication skills to communicate to one another. Effective interpersonal communication can help in creating a cordial and healthy relationship between individuals (Bylund, Peterson Cameron, 2012). First and foremost, the nurse will have to apply listening skills. The practitioner will do his best to be a good and critical listener. From her presentation, Amelia appears to be a troubled patient. She has lots of psychological challenges that need to be addressed with lots of keenness. Therefore, when interviewing her, the provider will have to critically listen to her (Arnold Boggs, 2015). This will be done by giving her enough time to express herself and allow her to talk without unnecessarily interrupting her. When she talks, the nurse will listen to her so as to understand her statements. Critical listening is a good strategy that can enable the nurse to win the confidence of the client and establish a good rapport with her right from the beginning up to the very end of the interview. Besides, the practitioner will apply a combination of verbal and non-verbal communication skills. Since it will be a face-to-face interaction, the nurse will have to make a proper use of verbal communication skills. Here, the practitioner will strive to make a proper choice of language by choosing to deliberately use simple words that can be easily understood by the client (Cobley Schulz, 2013). Meaning, the nurse will not use any unnecessary jargons that can confuse the client or complicate the interview process. At the same time, the practitioner will have to speak loudly and use an appropriate rate of articulation to speak to the client. Audibility is important because it will allow the client to understand all the questions with less constraint. Meanwhile, the healthcare provider will make a proper and careful use of the non-verbal cues such as facial expression, body movement, and gestures (Craig, 2013). Finally, the interviewer will use assertion, negotiation, decision-making, questioning and persuasion skills to appeal to the client to cooperate and provoke her to respond to the questions. Amelia is like any other mentally-ill patient who has a wide range of physical and psychological needs to address. Therefore, when interviewing her, the interviewer will have to use the expertise to actively engage her and get the responses for the questions asked (Dawson, Bernstein, Wilkins 3. Psychosis is a mental disorder that can be managed and treated if appropriate interventions are provided. After her timely diagnosis, Amelia has been prescribed with 5mg olazapinenoctre. This medication was prescribed because it is the most appropriate in addressing the patients psychotic condition. Therefore, being in charge of the patient, the nurse will perfectly do the job of providing her with all the necessary support. Apart from assessing her, the practitioner will provide the patient with adequate training. The nurse has to teach the patient many lessons regarding medication. The first thing to teach about is the type of medication prescribed and the significant contributions it will make in the life of the patient. The nurse will sensitize the patient that the medication is good because it will enable her to manage and control her condition no matter how difficult it might be (Schlicht, et al., 2013). She needs to be acquainted with this information because it will enable her to appreciate the drug because it is prescribed for her own benefit. The knowledge on the role of drug will convince the patient to consider taking it as prescribed. Amelia is to be educated on the usage of drugs. Amelia should not be like other patients who do not comply with medications. The nurse will have to sensitize the patient to comply with the prescribed dosage so as to enable her to use the medication as required without any unnecessary over or under use (Morse, Salyerslins, 2012). She should be taught that her all drugs prescribed to the patients are supposed to be administered as directed by the physician. The patient needs to acknowledge that a physician is an expert who gives prescriptions because it is for the good of the patient. Therefore, the patient should also be actively involved in the management of her condition (Leontjevas, et al., 2013).The other thing to do is teach the client is about the side effects of the drugs. Amelia should be left to know that the drug should be used by following all the instructions because of the side effects that might affect her. The teaching given to the patient will empower her todevelop self-management skills.It can be valuable if the patient masters self-management skills because it can enable her to be actively involved in improving her condition (Braithwaite Schrods, 2014). The teachings will also enable her to improve her social skills and start relating so well with her family, colleagues, friends, and all the other people in her community. This kind of acceptance will facilitate her recovery process. 4. The diagnosis of Amelia with a psychosis shows that she has a combination of physical and mental challenges that need to be addressed. First and foremost, the patient should be commended for taking a bold step to come to the facility to seek for medical service. Her cooperation with the physician demonstrates that she is aware of her mental condition and interested in gaining stability. Therefore, after her diagnosis, she should take the necessary measures to give the patient all the support that she requires (Palagini, GemignaniGuazzelli, 2012). The first support to offer to Amelia is psychological assistance. Psychosis causes stress, anxiety and depression. These are challenges that require a well organized emotional support. Therefore, the practitioner will not only interview, but provide her with all the support that can be managed. The practitioner should counsel her and give her all the necessary psychological support. The provider shouldexplain to the patient that she has a mental disorder that requires a medical intervention. During the counseling, the nurse should try to let her understand and accept her condition. Acceptance should be the initial step that will guarantee her a quick recovery (Fairman, Rowe, Hassmiller Shalala, 2011). The nurse cannot fail to adequately support the patient because this is her first visit at the facility. The kind of support given to her will enable the patient to have faith in the services and accept to be served until she recovers. The other support that will be given to Amelia is an opportunity to be provided with holistic care by a team of professionals. As a professional, the nurseshould believe in interdisciplinary collaboration. Meaning, when attending to the clients, she ensure that she cooperate with all the other practitioners who can, in one way or the other, contribute towards the improvement of her health (Bogner, et al., 2016). So, after engaging on a one-on-one interview, the nurse will create a good relationship that will inspire her to have confidence in our services. Moreover, after counseling her, the nurse will refer her to the mental health professionals including a social worker, occupational therapist, psychiatrist, and psychologist to attend to her (Anderson, et al., 2016). These professionals will provide the patient with a high quality therapy services to enable her improve her condition. It is recommended to collaborate with these professionals because they are knowledgeable and know th e kind of therapy to offer the patient (Harrison, Hauck Hoffman, 2014). The patients psychotic condition is in the early stages and can be effectively managed if appropriate psychological approach is delivered. References Anderson, J. G., et al., (2016). Examination of the perceptions of registered nurses regarding the use of Healing Touch in the acute care setting. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 34(2), 167- 176. Barlow, D., (2012).The Oxford Handbook of Clinical Psychology.New York: Oxford University Press. Arnold, E.C. Boggs, K.U. (2015). Interpersonal relationships: Professional communication skills for nurses. Elsevier Health Sciences. Bogner, H.R., et al., (2016). Does a Depression Management Program Decrease Mortality in Older Adults with Specific Medical Conditions in Primary Care? An Exploratory Analysis. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 64(1), pp.126-131. Braithwaite, D.O. Schrodt, P. eds.,(2014). Engaging theories in interpersonal communication: Multiple perspectives. Sage Publications. Bylund, C.L., Peterson, E.B. Cameron, K.A. (2012). A practitioner's guide to interpersonal communication theory: An overview and exploration of selected theories. Patient education and counseling, 87(3), pp.261-267. Cobley, P. Schulz, P.J. eds. (2013). Theories and models of communication (Vol. 1).New York: Walter de Gruyter. Craig, R.T. (2013). Constructing theories in communication research. Theories and models of communication, 1, pp.39-57. Dawson, A.E., Bernstein, B.L., Wilkins, K. Bekki, J.M. (2015). Honing interpersonal communication skills for difficult situations. In 2015 122nd ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition. American Society for Engineering Education. Fairman, J. A., Rowe, J. W., Hassmiller, S., Shalala, D. E., (2011). Broadening the scope of nursing practice. New England Journal of Medicine, 364(3), 193-196. Harrison, C.A., Hauck, Y., Hoffman, R., (2014). Choosing and remaining in mental health nursing: Perceptions of Western Australian nurses. International journal of mental health nursing, 23(6), 561-569. Leontjevas, R., et al., (2013). A structural multidisciplinary approach to depression management in nursing-home residents: a multicentre, stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial. The Lancet, 381(9885), pp.2255-2264. Morse, G., Salyers, M. P., lins, A. L. (2012).Burnout in mental health services: a review of the problem and its remediation.Adm Policy Mental Health. 39(5):341-52. Otte, C., et al., (2015). Cognitive function in older adults with major depression: Effects of mineralocorticoid receptor stimulation. Journal of psychiatric research, 69, pp.120-125. Palagini, L., Gemignani, A. Guazzelli, M., (2012). Significance of REM sleep in Depression: Effects on Neurogenesis.J Sleep DisordTher, 1(3). Schlicht, K., et al. (2013), Safety and acceptability of practice-nurse-managed care of depression in patients with diabetes or heart disease in the Australian TrueBlue study. BMJ open, 3(4), e002195. Thompson, C., Fahs, B., Kell, C. (2016). A Nurse-Led Collaborative Linking Medical Center with Community Partners Transforms Patient Care and Reduces Readmissions. Heart Lung: The Journal of Acute and Critical Care, 45(4), 381.

Computer Mouse Essay Example For Students

Computer Mouse Essay The computer mouse is an input device that uses a graphical user interface. Computers that incorporate the graphical user interface into their system are able to use the computer mouse to maneuver around the computers different applications. The mouse is used in many different applications including engineering and computer games. When using the computer mouse with the graphical user interface you move the mouse along a flat level surface. The arrow on the computer monitor will move with the movements created by the mouse. Clicking the mouse button will allow for certain programs or operations to happen. Douglas C. Engelbart is the first person to develop the original computer mouse. He completed a great deal of different studies in regard to human interpretation with the computer. Englebart completed a study of augmentation, which he defines as using technology to assist the intellect. The computer mouse came out of Engelbarts study due to the acceptability and ease of its operation. Engelbart did not officially announce his invention until 1968. After the debut of the mouse the next real step in its advancement did not come until 1970 at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. Alan Day developed the first working computer that used the computer mouse. While at the research center Day and other researches developed the first computer that depended on the computer mouse to point. The next advancement for the computer mouse came out of the Apple computer. The Apple Lisa computer used a graphical user interface and it helped create the technology used for the computer mouse. The Macintosh computer used a computer mouse and it simplified the use of the computer because all you had to do was point and click. The windows based systems and Macintosh all used the computer mouse. The growing computer market and its need for easier and faster computers led to the industry to make a shift to using the mouse with every computer sold. As more computers moved to the graphical user interface the more the computer mouse was being used. There is not only the growing need for the computer mouse, but also the need for different types of computer mice. Since the introduction of carpitunnel to the computer user there has been a challenge to create more ergonomically fit mouse. One of these introductions is the Mouse Man computer mouse by Logtech. This computer mouse is developed for the left-handed user. It allows for the left-handed user to use the mouse more comfortably. The future of the computer mouse is also adding some different turns on the capabilities of the mouse. One of the new technologies that are being used more and more is the wireless mouse. This mouse allows you to move the mouse with o ut the drag of the cord. Also the three-D mouse is becoming available. This mouse will allow the user to rotate objects on the screen using the mouse. The user will be able to look at what they are creating on the screen from different views. Also with the Internet becoming more frequently used the computer mouse is an important tool for the user. There is a computer mouse developed to allow for the user the ability to feel what they are looking at on the screen through the mouse. The mouse called the FEELit mouse will be able to simulate the sensations of what they are looking at on the screen. They mouse will come with its own processor which will allow for it to produce the sensations required. The computer mouse has come a long way from what is used to be. Douglas Engelbart invention has allowed for a great deal of innovation in the computer industry. All of the computers created today are using the computer mouse as standard equipment. The computer mouse makes it easier for the user to interact with the computer. The newer technology being implemented in the computer mouse will allow for it to become even more important tool that it has been. In conclusion the computer mouse is a valuable tool which is going to see a lot more changes that will make it even easier to use.

The Gulf Cooperation Council Economic Development

Introduction A strong, reliable, and sustainable economy is always the objective of every nation across the world. Globally, oil-producing countries have continuously played a significant role in the international economy.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Gulf Cooperation Council Economic Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is a renowned political and economic union, specifically for the Arab states, mainly depending on production of oil for economic development (Coury and Chetan 1). The union has played a pivotal role in ensuring peace and economic expansion in countries covered by the union. Countries in the GCC have prospered in their economies through economic development strategies and successful transformation agendas. However, recent studies have indicated that some countries within the GCC are threatening their economic power by over depending on oil production as the chief financial resource. Since gas and oil are exhaustible resources, there is a growing need to diversify economies in the GCC (Looney 138). This paper investigates economic diversification in Qatar compared to Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Literature Review Countries in the Middle East have found oil to be the most precious natural resource, which truly has been quite imperative in enhancing their economic growth. For several decades, most countries in the Middle East have ranked top in the global oil production overview, with the majority of them depending on oil and natural gas wealth as major commodities for economic intensification. According to Shediac et al. (2), the Gulf Cooperation Council, including countries like Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the UAE are the largest oil-producing nations covering up to 80 per cent of the overall global oil production.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Oil in the GCC union started being the most appropriate economic booster since its discovery several decades ago, with the global wars revolving around oil production centres. However, oil boom within the GCC union seems to be losing its capacity gradually, which became eminent in years 1973-74. Conventionally, despite the triumph associated with the GCC as the greatest oil-producing nations, something seems to be going wrong. Previous studies have continuously indicated that the GCC economies have consistently been dependent on natural resources for growth by investing heavily on oil and gas production and leaving other non-oil sectors like agriculture, manufacturing, and hospitality overtly underutilised and underdeveloped (Basher 3). This aspect may best explain the reason behind economic predicaments that struck the GCC union during the global financial credit crunch and collapsed oil prices that laste d for decades from late 1980s to 1990s and even currently in the 21st century (Basher 2). With the existing socio-economic difficulties and financial problems worsened by unprecedented changes in the climatic conditions, concern has risen over the GCC and other oil-producing to change their propensity of depending on oil as the main economic commodity to other profitable sectors. Due to the prevailing pressure, several transformational changes are emerging within the GCC. The GGC union has developed several strategies to avert the pressure on oil. Some countries have almost completely shifted their economic activities from oil production to depending on public sector activities (Basher 3). Diversification within the GCC has been successful despite the fact that these countries face daunting challenges in diversifying, with Kuwait and Saudi Arabia diversifying through other potential sectors, including agriculture, manufacturing, and hospitality industries.Advertising We will wr ite a custom research paper sample on The Gulf Cooperation Council Economic Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In a bid to reduce its dependence on oil, Qatar has been investing heavily on natural gas production, which plays only a partial role in protecting the country’s unfavourable oil price fluctuations that affect national economic condition (Basher 4). Compared to Kuwait and Saudi Arabia who have diversified in almost all non-oil sectors, natural gas is barely enough to protect Qatar from depending on oil for economic support. Problem Statement Currently, nations within the GCC and others across the Middle East regions depending on oil production for economic growth are calling for enhancement of a diversified economy. Research noticed that the level of global oil production is gradually diminishing with climatic conditions and over-exploitation of natural resources exacerbating the situation. On noticing this, Middle Eastern governments, especially those under the GCC, have formulated economic development and transformation agendas (Shediac et al. 1). In this context, transformation agendas principally involved diversification of economy targeting to shift from depending on single economic commodity to well-diversified ones from a range of profitable sectors. Given that oil and natural gas revenues are exhaustible resources, the GCC governments have started substituting them with other considerable resources to enhance sustainable economy (Coury and Chetan 1).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Contrarily, Qatar has opted to shift to natural gas, which is still an exhaustible natural resource to avert the pressure on the oil consumption, making a null change. Methodology In a bid to provide empirical evidence needed to reinforce the argument in this study, this paper reviewed latest case studies conducted to examine the prevailing condition in the diversification of the economy within the GCC union. Two important case studies remained imperative to this study. A case study conducted by Basher (1-30), which concentrated on comparative analysis of dependence of oil in three countries, including Kuwait, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia, significantly proved the argument for this study. This study also undertook a quantitative assessment of the determinants of the business cycle synchronisation. The other empirical evidence involved case studies conducted by Shediac et al. (1-3), which principally examined diversification of the economy across the GCC economies. Both studies intended t o compare dependency of oil as the main economic commodity to others in a bid to distinguish which country among the three mostly depended on oil as the major economic commodity. In a bid to provide empirical evidence for the first study synchronicity or rather synchronisation method dominated the first study. Synchronicity, a term used to describe the experience between two that are actually unrelated, but normally coincide under circumstances in a meaningful manner. This study validated data produced concerning oil output and output from other non-oil sectors for the years ranging from Kuwait (1978-2007), Qatar (1980-2006), and Saudi Arabia (1968-2008). The study employed a nonparametric filter technique that usually estimates â€Å"trend component by minimising deviations from trend, subject to a predetermined smoothness of the resulting trend† (Basher 8). This aspect allows the estimation of synchronicity of oil output gap of the respective GCC economies. On the other han d, a case study of the GCC, the G7, and developed economies countries were significant in the study. Shediac et al. (2) confirm that this methodology involved measuring Gross Domestic Product (GDP) distribution across all sectors within the GCC, including agriculture and/or manufacturing to ascertain â€Å"concentration ratio† and â€Å"diversification quotient.† Results/Discussion First Argument By comparing the output ratio of oil and other non-oil sector products from the three GCC member countries, including Kuwait, Qatar and Saudi Arabia, this paper managed to estimate the extend at which each country depended on oil products for economic growth. As synchronicity measure fluctuated over time, it was significant to include important events like, â€Å"the first oil crisis (1973-74), second oil crisis (1979-81), the Gulf war (1990-91) and the recent oil price shock (2005-2008); during all these episodes oil prices significantly increased† (Basher 10). This el ement primarily denoted how non-oil sectors depended on the oil sector with synchronicity being highly volatile and different across the three GCC countries. For Kuwait, the long run synchronicity measure indicated that non-oil sector’s dependence on the oil sector increased during a given period, thus suggested decreased diversification. Comparing to Qatar, the long-run trend of synchronicity was decreasing by then, although this aspect portrayed less meaningful economic diversification. The synchronicity trend for Saudi Arabia increased diffidently until mid-1990 before declining afterward. The estimated value of synchronicity in non-oil sectors in Qatar indicated that 53 per cent output of the non-oil sector revealed similar figures/percentage, which coincided with the output gap of the oil sector showing that the level of diversification within the non-oil sectors remained considerably weak. For the case of Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, using different span of time indicated t hat the synchronicity measure between oil and non-oil sectors revealed only 45 per cent for Kuwait, demonstrating that the level of diversification in non-oil sectors had gradually been increasing (Basher 10). The case study yielded almost similar results in Saudi Arabia where the synchronicity measure for oil and non-oil sectors produced 46 per cent a trend that like Kuwait demonstrates reduced dependency on oil as the main economic commodity in the two countries. Basher affirms that this aspect revealed, â€Å"Qatar’s non-oil sector shows a slightly higher degree of dependence on the oil-sector relative to Kuwait and Saudi Arabia† (10). Second Argument In a bid to provide empirical evidence to this paper to prove the argument between oil dependency in Qatar and Kuwait together with Saudi Arabia, the study investigated the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) distribution across the three GCC economies, including Qatar, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia. Following the case study condu cted by Shediac et al. (2), it became apparent that for a country to have a sustainable economy, several measures of diversification must reflect. Diversification is achievable, where the GDP reveals an even distribution across a variety of economic sectors (Srinivas 5). Therefore, to measure the contribution of GDP across sectors in the three countries, the study involved two important concepts, which are measurable and normally signify diversification of an economy. Shediac et al. affirms, â€Å"The concepts of economic concentration and diversification can be captured with the computation of the respective point estimators of concentration ratio and diversification quotient for the sample of studied economies† (3). Table 1: Economic Concentration and Economic diversification Latest Figure revealing data sample in the year 2005 Qatar Kuwait Saudi Arabia Economic Concentration (%) 39% 33% 28% Economic Diversification (%) 2.59% 3.0% 3.63% (Source: Shediac et al. 3) As demonstrated, the table only involved comparative figures for three GCC economies, viz. Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait. Research has demonstrated that economic concentration quotient and diversification quotient are significant determiners of economic diversification that predominantly depend on a range of economic sectors for economic development (Shediac et al. 3). Normally, â€Å"the concentration ratio measures a nation’s concentration in a given sector by taking the sum of squares of percent contribution to the GDP† (Shediac et al. 3). Countries with high economic concentration normally suffer from volatility in the economic growth and fluctuating economic cycles. In explainable manner, in the case of high economic concentration a country normally depends on vulnerable external events, including changes in the prices of dominant commodities a case eminent in Qatar’s economic concentration. From the source of the above data, from the three GCC countri es sampled for this study, Qatar ranks top in the economic concentration compared to all other GCC countries. However, comparing the figures for the three countries in the GCC economies as used in this study, Qatar recorded highest economic concentration of 39 per cent, followed relatively close by Kuwait with about 33 per cent and finally Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with 28 per cent. The essence of these figures is to provide an overview of how high concentration correlates with economic diversification where high economic concentration reveals high reliance of economic activity in the three GCC countries on the oil and gas sector. Normally, higher economic concentration depicts low diversification in economical terms. Based on the above table, Shediac et al. note, â€Å"Qatar tops amid the three GCC countries with highest concentrations in terms of sector contribution to GDP and thus, exhibits the lowest diversification scores† (3). According to studies conducted to investigate the contribution of non-oil sectors to the GDPs across the three GCC nations, comparative analysis revealed that Qatar depends considerably high on oil than both Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Both studies conducted by Basher (15) and Shediac et al. (6) demonstrate that Qatar has heavily invested on oil than other sectors. Screening through sectors like manufacturing and agriculture in the three GCC countries, Shediac et al. (7) concluded that the oil industry in Qatar is relatively highly depended by other sectors that in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, which is an evidence to demonstrate how Qatar heavily relies on oil than the other two countries. Srinivas (11) postulates that the monopolised oil production sector in Qatar has forced researchers to cite this element as the main cause of lack of diversification in the country, thus exposing it to dangerous events like global price fluctuations. Conclusion Based on the empirical evidence provided by the two case studies to prove the argument f or this study, it is evident that Qatar has continuously depended on oil production as compared to Kuwait and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Comparing figures on the economic concentration and economic diversification of the three GCC countries, Qatar ranks top in the economic concentration and the lowest diversification quotient, whereby the higher the economic concentration the lower the diversification in economic terms (Shediac et al. 3). On the other hand, Basher (15) used the synchronisation technique, where synchronicity referred to similar situations coincided with each other. As both oil and natural gas revenues are exhaustible, all GCC nations, especially Qatar, should be cautious on diversification. Works Cited Basher, Syed 2010, Has the Non-oil Sector Decoupled from Oil Sector? A Case Study of Gulf Cooperation Council Countries. PDF File. Web. Coury, Tarek, and Dave Chetan 2009, Oil, Labour Markets, and Economic Diversification in the GCC: An Empirical Assessment. PDF File . Web. Looney Robert. â€Å"The Gulf Co-operation councils caution approach to economic integration.† Journal of Economic Cooperation 24.3 (2003): 137-160. Print. Shediac, Richard, Rabih Abouchakra, Chadi Moujaes, and Ramsay Mazen 2008, Economic Diversification: The Road to Sustainable Development. Web. Srinivas, Kastoori. â€Å"Economic Development of GCC Countries: Risks and Challenges: An Overview.† Indian Journal of Business Review 4.1 (2011): 1-14. Print. This research paper on The Gulf Cooperation Council Economic Development was written and submitted by user Griffin Hurst to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A Couple of Notes About Couple

A Couple of Notes About Couple A Couple of Notes About â€Å"Couple† A Couple of Notes About â€Å"Couple† By Mark Nichol Couple, from the Latin word copula, meaning â€Å"bond† (yes, the term is also the origin of copulate, which is synonymous with a sense of the verb couple), has some relationship issues, so careful writers should be aware of the word’s reputation and note its proper formal usage. Couple, as a collective noun, can be associated with a singular verb or a plural one, depending on context. But unlike other words in that class, it’s more likely to use a plural verb: â€Å"The couple is celebrating its fiftieth wedding anniversary† is just awkward, because the impersonal pronoun implies that the enduring union does not involve human beings. But â€Å"The couple are celebrating their fiftieth wedding anniversary† strikes many readers, even those who, like me, advocate the singular they, as clumsy. So, refer to the couple as â€Å"the two† or even â€Å"they.† Employing couple as an adjective (â€Å"Can I borrow a couple dollars?†) is common in speech but not appropriate in writing; the proper form is to treat the word as a noun followed by the preposition of preceding another noun (â€Å"Can I borrow a couple of dollars?†) When quoting a speaker in writing, silent correction interpolating of in the record of a person’s idiomatic speech without brackets or similarly calling attention to the change is advisable. An exception to the â€Å"couple of dollars† preference is when the noun is a numerical reference (â€Å"I bet a couple of hundred dollars on the game†); though this is the preferred form, omission of of in this usage is still common and not considered incorrect. However, of should remain absent from such statements as â€Å"I’ll buy a couple more batteries.† The noun couple is also used informally to refer to more than two people. The verb form lags in generally referring to two people or things, as in connecting of train cars, though this action may repeat sequentially. The form coupling can be a verb, an adjective, and a noun. Note, too, that â€Å"coupled with† takes a singular verb: â€Å"That incident, coupled with his behavior yesterday, is a clear sign of his instability.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Cost-Effective vs. Cost-EfficientExcited ABOUT, not "for" I wish I were...

Ethnic Violence in Darfur and International Response Essay

Ethnic Violence in Darfur and International Response - Essay Example Yet, the Sudanese government has repeatedly violated their own constitutional grants of liberty in that countless ethnically 'black' Sudanese have been trafficked, murdered, and enslaved by Arab militia, supported by the government. Moreover, since law-abiding non-Arab Muslims have been treated in much the same way as violators of the law, racial identity is the prevalent factor in government actions. For this reason, critics of the government argue that it is practicing ethnic cleansing, which is not only a violation of Sudanese law, but international law. While Sudan is a member state to the United Nations Charter, whose purpose is to prevent atrocities such as the Holocaust from reoccurring, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to which the Sudan is a signatory is incapable of enforcement absent consent to international jurisdiction. Yet the question remains; is there legal recourse for such victims of government abuse More specifically, does the Sudanese constitution grant liberties for the breach of which there is a right to file a claim If there are such explicit rights, how can these rights be enforced within an oppressive regime This paper seeks to examine how notions of individu... While the United Nations offers to protect such victims, without the consent of the offending country to submit to international adjudication, individual rights exist only to the extent of the will of a member state. Therefore, this paper will also examine the origins of individual rights within the context of natural rights, and how natural law limits human rights protections. In this way, it can be shown why absent physical power to effectively halt the murderous Sudanese regime, victims have neither national nor international legal recourse. History of Violence Sudan is the largest country in Africa. In antiquity Sudan was part of a ancient civilization The country has been through a number of forced religious conversions. First, it was converted to Coptic Christianity in the 6th century of the Christian era. Then Islam was introduced by Arab invaders in 7th century but did not supplant Christianity until the 15th century. The name Sudan means a "land of the blacks" which denotes the ancient racial composition of the country. As a result of invasions from Syria and immigration of nomadic Arabs has since changed the racial composition. The country is roughly divided into two between Arab controlled dominated north and the black dominated south. The country is further divided along religious lines between Arabs in the north and Christians and animist in the south. Approximately, 40 percent of the population is Arab and 60 percent are African. Roughly 60 percent are Muslim. There are close to 600 ethnic groups and over 100 spoken languages in the South. (UUSC, 2004). This explosion combination has resulted in a protracted struggle for control of the country and its resources which so far has been dominated by Arabs in the north. Fight against